For more details see chapters 4 and 11 in the green book. Australian technical advisory group on immunisation atagi statement on the administration of seasonal influenza vaccines in 2020 is available here. Latex in vaccine packaging centers for disease control. Since the last edition of immunisation against infectious disease the green book, the immunisation programme has seen a number of changes, to both. Acip vaccine recommendations and guidelines include the ages when the vaccines should be given, the number of doses needed, the amount of. The eggbased technology still in use as of 2019 for producing influenza vaccine was created in the 1950s. Phe uk immunisation schedule green book chapter 11 phedh. Flu immunisation the flu jab gives protection against seasonal flu and lasts for one year. Influenza virus influenza is a singlestranded, helically shaped, rna virus of the orthomyxovirus family. Immunisation policy in scotland is set by the scottish government health directorates on the advice of the joint committee of vaccinations and immunisations jcvi external site and other appropriate bodies.
Immunisation and vaccination guidelines for nurses. Annual influenza vaccination should also be offered. Basic antigen types a, b, and c are determined by the nuclear material. The potential costeffectiveness of quadrivalent versus. The rcns managing childhood immunisation clinics best practice guidelines 2018 provides a practical checklist to support general practice nurses in managing a childhood vaccine and immunisation clinics, it includes. Recommendations specific to each vaccine can be found in immunisation against infectious disease the green book.
Antibody titres for hepatitis b should be check ed one to four. At 8 weeks of age that is, the age at first immunisation, preterm infants have lower absolute counts of lymphocytes, t cells, b cells, and t helper cells and a lower cd4cd8 ratio than term infants. Which children should be vaccinated against influenza. If a person reports a severe anaphylactic allergy to latex, vaccines supplied in vials or syringes that contain natural rubber latex should be avoided if possible. Seasonal influenza vaccination 2020 immunisation programs. Immunisation schedule treatment summary bnf content. Healthcare practitioners should refer to the green book influenza chapter for further detail. Although influenza b causes many children to be absent from school, influenza a viruses cause much of the severe illness during epidemics. Sign in or purchase a subscription to access this content.
These recommendations are based on the public health england phe chapters on influenza and contraindications and special considerations in immunisation against infectious disease the green book, the phe guidance the national childhood flu immunisation programme 201920. An argument against influenza vaccination is that natural infection confers better longterm immunity than vaccination. Chapter 19, influenza, in immunisation against infectious disease the green book. Mar 20, 20 the flu chapter of the green book has been updated to reflect the latest guidance from the joint committee on vaccination and immunisation in readiness for the 2015 to 2016 influenza season. It can also be very severe and cause disease, including. While most viruses are antigenically stable, the influenza viruses a and b especially a are constantly altering their antigenic structure, as indicated by changes in the haemagglutinins h and neuraminidases n on the surface of the viruses. All injected vaccines are given intramuscularly unless stated otherwise. Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is an illness caused by a group of viruses the influenza viruses that infect the respiratory tract. Immunisation of individuals with underlying medical conditions.
For many years, immunisation against infectious disease the green book has contained a recommendation that when two live vaccines are required in the same individual, then the vaccines should either be given on the same day, or separated by. Contraindications and special considerations in immunisation against infectious disease also known as the green book vaccination providers in the uk should ensure they are familiar with this updated chapter, which details the contraindications and special considerations relating to. The flu chapter of the green book has been updated to reflect the latest guidance from the joint committee on vaccination and immunisation in readiness for the 2015 to 2016 influenza. Children aged 4 years or under who have been hospitalised for respiratory illness or have a history of significant respiratory illness. Vaccinations are important to both maternal and child health. Influenza is highly infectious with a usual incubation period of one to three days.
The experience in an english boarding school in the 1970s gave support for this idea, 11 but a reanalysis of the data found that influenza a and b. Phe influenza immunisation guideline phedhdwp guideline. Immunisation of individuals with underlying medical conditions chapter 7 immunisation of individuals with underlying medical conditionsanuary 22 respond more poorly to vaccination and should be considered for additional vaccination. Inactivated influenza vaccines have been recommended for and used in pregnant women since the 1960s, along with ongoing safety monitoring and research. Influenza infection usually has different symptoms and causes a more severe illness than most other common viral respiratory infections and may be a lifethreatening infection in certain people. In addition to weakened or killed disease antigens viruses or bacteria, vaccines contain very small amounts of other. All patients 65 years and over and children under 5 years are eligible for a free government supplied immunisation. While most viruses are antigenically stable, the influenza viruses a and b especially a are. Effectiveness and safety of inactivated influenza vaccines.
Haemophilus influenzae type b hib is a bacterial infection that can cause a number of serious illnesses, particularly in young children. Although influenza vaccination levels increased substantially during the 1990s, further improvements in vaccine coverage levels are needed. Hib infections used to be a serious health problem in the uk, but the routine immunisation against hib, given to babies since 1992, means these infections are now rare. The timetable for immunisations against various pathogens, as jointly recommended by the nhs and the uk department of health. Influenza immunisation information including updates for public. Latex in vaccine packaging immediatetype allergic reactions due to latex allergy have been described after vaccination, but such reactions are rare. Childs health and development record book green book medicare card. The recent updates include changes to the asthma and egg allergy sections and added information on newly licensed influenza vaccines. How effective is the inactivated influenza vaccine when given during pregnancy. If 10 people have the flu jab, it usually provides protection from flu for 7 or 8 of them.
Apr 23, 2019 chapter 11 of the green book, which addresses immunisation in the uk for public health professionals, has been fully updated. The australian influenza vaccine committee aivc met on wednesday 9th october 2019 in canberra to recommend influenza viruses to be used in the 2020 influenza vaccines. New vaccines have been introduced against meningococcal group c and pneumococcal infections which are the cause of serious diseases. Uptake and effectiveness of influenza vaccine in those. However, during the 2020 influenza season, if the risk of exposure to infectious disease in a crowded. Revised recommendations for the administration of more than. The routine immunisation schedule for vaccine supply information for the routine immunisation schedule please visit. Editor, in an otherwise excellent article influenza immunisation aust prescr 2002. Vaccines for the national flu immunisation programme 10.
Immunisation programmes are designed to help protect the population from serious vaccinepreventable diseases. How safe is receiving the influenza vaccine during pregnancy. Influenza a viruses are perpetuated in nature by wild birds, predominantly waterfowl. The immunisation programme in the uk continues to evolve, meeting the demand to improve the control of infectious diseases through vaccination. Some excipients are added to a vaccine for a specific purpose. Sep 11, 20 the green book has the latest information on vaccines and vaccination procedures, for vaccine preventable infectious diseases in the uk. The influenza chapter in immunisation against infectious disease the green book, which is updated regularly, gives detailed descriptions of the groups outlined above and guidance for healthcare workers on administering the flu vaccine. The immunisation advisory centre supports the best practice approach of a recommended 20 minute post vaccination wait.
The updates reflect all of the recent changes to the routine childhood immunisation schedule as well as those to the adult programme. Observation period post influenza vaccination years and above. Additionally those outside these age groups with a chronic medical condition that increases the risks from influenza infection are also eligible for example diabetes, severe asthma or other lung diseases. The immune response to influenza vaccination in pregnant women is similar to that of nonpregnant women. The greatest benefit is if given within 24 hours, and must be given within 7 days. Immunisation coalition influenza immunisation coalition. The minimum age for vivotif oral typhoid vaccine has been lowered to 5 years in line with the summary of product characteristics 1, 2. Some inactivated influenza vaccines are trivalent, containing two subtypes of influenza a and one b virus.
The vaccine protects between 45% and 90% of healthy children from getting influenza. All influenza viruses quickly change as people become immune to the strains circulating in the population so that immunity acquired one year will only partially protect for subsequent outbreaks. Contraindications and special considerations in addition, immunisation with live vaccines should be delayed until 6 months of age in children born to mothers who received immunosuppressive biological therapy during pregnancy. Influenza april 2019 19 influenza the disease influenza is an acute viral infection of the respiratory tract. Studies indicate that the older and healthier children who have received the influenza vaccine are, the more likely they will be protected. The national flu immunisation programme 201920 3 vaccines. Influenza vaccination during pregnancy has an excellent safety record for the woman herself, the growing baby and newborn.
This treatment summary topic describes influenza vaccine. Please read the information below about the 2020 wa influenza immunisation program and protect your patients by opportunistically offering influenza immunisation to all who are eligible for the free vaccine through the national immunisation program. Type a influenza has subtypes that are determined by the surface antigens hemagglutinin h and neuraminidase n. Hps website green book chapter on immunisation updated.
Parents and professionals remain unconvinced of the benefits of widespread immunisation against influenza, even for highrisk groups. Influenza a and influenza b are responsible for most clinical illness. Information for health professionals cdc read more on key information about vaccination, infection control, prevention, treatment, and diagnosis of seasonal influenza. New zealand immunisation schedule ministry of health nz. The green book has the latest information on vaccines and vaccination procedures, for vaccine preventable infectious diseases in the uk. While this may be true under normal circumstances, it may not be so during an influenza pandemic which could strike with little warning and at any time of the year. The following recommendations reflect advice produced by public health england. In the handbook immunisation against infectious diseases green book published by hmso in 1996,1 influenza vaccine has been recommended for the following categories in children.
The typhoid chapter of immunisation against infectious disease has been updated updates have been made to the typhoid chapter in the green book immunisation against infectious disease. Vaccine induced protection of preterm infants influenza immunisation. As a health provider, you are a trusted source of information for your patients. Older adults 65 years or older should be routinely offered a single dose of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, if they have not previously received it. Influenza b generally causes milder disease than type a and primarily affects children. Immunisation schedule green book, uk bcg vaccination bordetella pertussis whooping cough vaccination diphtheria vaccination hepatitis b vaccination and prevention hib. From 6 months onwards, a two dose schedule is required for the primary immunisation against influenza, whereas a single dose is sufficient for annual vaccination thereafter. Healthcare worker influenza vaccination and sickness. The australian influenza vaccine committee recommendation for the composition of influenza vaccines for australia in 2020 introduces three new strains when compared to the composition of the trivalent and quadrivalent vaccines for australia in 2019.
Most of these viruses are not pathogenic to their natural hosts and do not change or evolve. Whilst also suitable for this age group, the newly licenced high dose trivalent influenza vaccine tivhd is not eligible for reimbursement under the nhs flu vaccination programme because it has a significantly higher list price. For advice on dosing schedules for missed vaccinations, and the immunisation of individuals coming to the uk, consult chapter 11, the uk immunisation schedule, in immunisation against infectious disease the green book. People aged under 65 years with any of the medical conditions listed below. Current australian immunisation guidelines recommend annual influenza vaccination for anyone who wishes to protect themselves, which includes children aged. In the uk, the vaccine influenza b lineage and the circulating influenza b lineage were at least partially mismatched in six of the ten influenza seasons from 20002001 to 20092010.
Influenza b is more stable than influenza a, with less antigenic drift and. Immunology and vaccinepreventable diseases pink book. Hps website green book chapter on influenza updated. Pregnant women any trimester people aged 65 years and older. The flu usually causes the most disease during winter. Revised recommendations for the administration of more than one live vaccine. Bcg vaccination programme from july 2005 an improved targeted neonatal and other at risk based programme replaced the previous schools programme for older children 1999. This vaccination programme aims to boost the shortterm immunity passed on by pregnant women to their newborn babies who normally cannot be vaccinated themselves until they are 2 months o.
Both influenza b lineages have circulated concurrently in recent years, which can limit the effectiveness of the trivalent vaccine against influenza b. Influenza immunisation is recommended for all people from six months of age. While most viruses are antigenically stable, the influenza viruses a and b especially a are constantly altering their antigenic structure as indicated by changes in the haemagglutinins. In particular, individuals receiving complement inhibitor therapy eculizumab are at. The efficacy prevention of illness among vaccinated individuals in controlled trials and effectiveness prevention of illness in vaccinated populations of influenza vaccines is dependent on. The flu can produce mild symptoms such as a runny nose, headache, body aches and tiredness. Equally suitable, is the newly licenced cellbased quadrivalent influenza vaccine qivc. Influenza vaccine archives of disease in childhood. Influenza vaccine can be given at the same time as pertussis vaccination ideally at 28 weeks but may be given earlier, and should not be delayed if the winter influenza season has begun or is imminent. Flu influenza australian government department of health. Immunisation schedule definition of immunisation schedule. The national flu immunisation programme 201920 nhs england. If laiv live attenuated influenza vaccine is contraindicated and child is in a clinical risk group, use inactivated flu vaccine.
The advisory committee on immunization practices acip develops recommendations on how to use vaccines to control disease in the united states. Introduction of menc into childhood vaccination schedule adult immunisation programme source. Early advice on 2020 national immunisation program seasonal influenza vaccination from the australian government chief medical officer cmo and the australian technical advisory group on immunisation atagi is available, covering whats new in 2020, including two new influenza vaccines, timing of influenza vaccination, influenza vaccination. September 2011 revised to include updated guidance from the department of healths immunization against infectious disease the green book chapter 19, influenza updated in july 2011 for the 20112012 seasonal influenza vaccination programme, and new recommendations from the chief medical officer 2011. Eligibility criteria for free seasonal influenza vaccination for 2020. May 02, 2018 further boosters for adults pregnant women.
Since september 2012 the dtapipvpolio vaccine has also been offered to all pregnant women between 28 and 38 weeks of pregnancy. Links in the table above provide more information about the diseases and the vaccines that prevent them. Since the last edition of immunisation against infectious disease the green book, the immunisation programme has seen a number of changes, to both the vaccination schedule and to peoples attitudes to vaccination. Influenza vaccination has also been shown to decrease middle ear infections among young children by about 30%. Quadrivalent influenza vaccines, that provide coverage against both the influenza b lineages, are also becoming more available, providing a solution to the dilemma of which influenza b strain to include in a trivalent vaccine, and provide an incremental improvement on. The reason for giving influenza vaccine is that influenza can cause considerable morbidity and mortality in the above mentioned categories. Vaccine excipient summary excipients included in u. It is critical that children at particular risk of severe complications from influenza are vaccinated, including those with. Many aspects of the infants immune system immaturity will be more pronounced in preterm infants. The flu chapter of the green book has been updated to reflect the latest guidance from the joint committee on vaccination and immunisation in readiness for the 2015 to 2016 influenza season. People who work or live with people who are at risk of serious complications should also be immunised to avoid spreading the flu. Immunisation of healthcare and laboratory staff hepatitis b hepatitis b vaccination is recommended for workers who are at risk of injury from bloodcontaminated shar p instr uments, or of being deliberatel y injured or bitten by patients. Immunisation schedule treatment summary bnfc content. More evidence for the advantages of immunisation against influenza virus will be required if current low rates of immunisation are to be improved.
Overview of immunisations immunisation health topics. Publicly funded hepatitis a, hepatitis b, haemophilus influenzae type b, human papillomavirus, influenza, meningococcal, pertussis tdap, pneumococcal, tuberculosis and varicella vaccines are available for children and adults at high risk of some. Skip directly to site content skip directly to page options skip directly to az link. Practical and clinical guidance for vaccine administration. David green and laura craig describe the symptoms and prevalence of hepatitis b, provide information about the hexavalent vaccine being introduced into the routine childhood immunisation schedule, and discuss the continued importance of screening pregnant women for hepatitis b. Annual vaccination against influenza is recommended for all uk nhs staff to reduce transmission to patients and help prevent sickness absence, thereby reducing strain on services at times of peak demand.